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20 Haziran 2013
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Dig, tunnel, repeat
The new tunnel will differ from the Maramaray tunnel in that it will take vehicles. The winner of the tender organized by the Transportation Ministry's Railroads, Ports and Airports Construction General Directorate, or DLH, was TKJV Ğ made up of the Turkish Yapı Merkezi and South Korean SKEC-Samwhan-Hanshin-Namkwang-Kukdong. The tender terms dictate that the project-financing model be a build-operate-transfer, or BOT.
This is a type of large project financing, where a private entity receives a contract from a public entity to carry the costs including design and construction. In exchange, the company operates the facility for a previously agreed period, often as long as 20 or 30 years, in which time the operating company receives all the income from the use of the facility. When the specified time is up, ownership of the facility is transferred back to the granting public entity, in this case the DLH. This is the largest project to be built on the BOT system in Turkey. The reason why the DLH chose to finance the project through a BOT system is that there will be no overhead capital required for the project but the system also limits the ability of the city government from being able to profit from the toll income.
The new tunnel will have a two-tier system, with traffic flowing in opposite directions on the different levels. The tunnel is anticipated to ease traffic flow across the already existing bridges on the Bosphorus.
Vehicular traffic
The new tunnel differs from the Marmaray tunnel, the construction for which started in 2004, in two ways. First, the new venture will allow for vehicular traffic and second, the method of building the new tunnel is different from the Marmaray, which was constructed using a submersion method, whereas the new one will be built using tunneling equipment.
The new tunnel, which extends over 14.6 kilometers running both underwater and above ground, will stretch from Sirkeci on the European side and end in Göztepe on the Asian side of Istanbul. The road system will connect the Florya-Sirkeci coastal road, known as Kennedy Avenue, to the Ankara Devlet Avenue to the Göztepe Roundabout. The submerged part of the new tunnel and road system will be 3.3 kilometers long and will have connecting ramps to most major roads on both sides of the Bosphorus. 2.1 kilometers of the submerged section will be tunneled underwater, with 5.4 kilometers of total tunnel length and 9.2 kilometers of road widening. The tollbooths and tunnel management will be on the European side. The tunnel will restrict vehicular traffic to cars and heavy load traffic will not be allowed to use the tunnel.
The construction time for the tunnel is expected to be four years and seven months. This construction time is deducted from the amount of time designated by the tender for how long the winning company is allowed to operate the tunnel. This is to ensure that there is enough incentive for the partnership to stick to the construction schedule. The agreement states that, in full, the partnership will have 30 years, six months and nine days to recoup their building costs.